What is DevOps?

DevOps Tools

Who is a DevOps engineer?

Why DevOps has become famous?

What is the use of SSH?

What is configuration management?

What is the importance of having configuration management in DevOps?

What does CAMS stand for in DevOps?

What is Continuous Integration (CI)?

Why is Continuous Integration needed?

What is Continuous Testing (CT)?

What are the three important DevOps KPIs?

Explain the different phases in DevOps methodology.

How is DevOps different than the Agile Methodology?

Differentiate between Continuous Deployment and Continuous Delivery?

What can you say about antipatterns of DevOps?

Can you tell me something about Memcached?

What are the various branching strategies used in the version control system?

Can you list down certain KPIs which are used for gauging the success of DevOps?

What is CBD in DevOps?

What is Resilience Testing?

Can you differentiate between continuous testing and automation testing?

Can you say something about the DevOps pipeline?

Tell me something about Ansible work in DevOps

How does Ansible work?

How does AWS contribute to DevOps?

What can be a preparatory approach for developing a project using the DevOps methodology?
Can you explain the “Shift left to reduce failure” concept in DevOps?

Do you know about post mortem meetings in DevOps?

What is the concept behind sudo in Linux OS?

Can you explain the architecture of Jenkins?

Can you explain the “infrastructure as code” (IaC) concept?

What is ‘Pair Programming’?

What is Blue/Green Deployment Pattern?

What is Dogpile effect? How can it be prevented?

What are the steps to be undertaken to configure git repository so that it runs the code sanity checking tooks before any commits? How do you prevent it from happening again if the sanity testing fails?

How can you ensure a script runs every time repository gets new commits through git push?

• What challenges exist when creating DevOps pipelines?
• How do Containers communicate in Kubernetes?
• How do you restrict the communication between Kubernetes Pods?
• What is a Virtual Private Cloud or VNet?
• How do you build a hybrid cloud?
• What is CNI, how does it work, and how is it used in Kubernetes?
• How does Kubernetes orchestrate Containers?
• What is the difference between orchestration and classic automation? What are some common orchestration solutions?
• What is the difference between CI and CD?
• Describe some deployment patterns.
• [AWS] How do you setup a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)?
• Describe IaC and configuration management.
• How do you design a self-healing distributed service?
• Describe a centralized logging solution.

• What do you know about DevOps?
• How is DevOps different from agile methodology?
• Which are some of the most popular DevOps tools?
• What are the different phases in DevOps?
• Mention some of the core benefits of DevOps
• How will you approach a project that needs to implement DevOps?
• What is the difference between continuous delivery and continuous deployment?
• What is the role of configuration management in DevOps?
• How does continuous monitoring help you maintain the entire architecture of the system?
• What is the role of AWS in DevOps?
• Name three important DevOps KPIs.
• Explain the term “Infrastructure as Code” (IaC) as it relates to configuration management.
• How is IaC implemented using AWS?
• Why Has DevOps Gained Prominence over the Last Few Years?
• Explain the difference between a centralized and distributed version control system (VCS).
• What is the git command that downloads any repository from GitHub to your computer?
• How do you push a file from your local system to the GitHub repository using Git?
• How is a bare repository different from the standard way of initializing a Git repository?
• Which of the following CLI commands can be used to rename files?
• What is the process for reverting a commit that has already been pushed and made public?
• Explain the difference between git fetch and git pull.
• What is Git stash?
• Explain the concept of branching in Git.
• What is the difference between Git Merge and Git Rebase?
• How do you find a list of files that have been changed in a particular commit?
• What is a merge conflict in Git, and how can it be resolved?
• Explain the master-slave architecture of Jenkins.
• What is Jenkinsfile?
• Which of the following commands runs Jenkins from the command line?
• What concepts are key aspects of the Jenkins pipeline?
• Which file is used to define dependency in Maven?
• Explain the two types of pipeline in Jenkins, along with their syntax.
• How do you create a backup and copy files in Jenkins?
• How can you copy Jenkins from one server to another?
• Name three security mechanisms Jenkins uses to authenticate users.
• How is a custom build of a core plugin deployed?
• How can you temporarily turn off Jenkins security if the administrative users have locked themselves out of the admin console?
• What are the ways in which a build can be scheduled/run in Jenkins?
• What are the commands that you can use to restart Jenkins manually?
• What are the different Selenium components?
• What are the different exceptions in Selenium WebDriver?
• Can Selenium test an application on an Android browser?
• What are the different test types that Selenium supports?
• How can you access the text of a web element?
• How can you handle keyboard and mouse actions using Selenium?
• Which of these options is not a WebElement method?
• When do we use findElement() and findElements()?
• What are driver.close() and driver.quit() in WebDriver?
• How can you submit a form using Selenium?
• Why are SSL certificates used in Chef?
• Which of the following commands would you use to stop or disable the ‘httpd’ service when the system boots?
• What is Test Kitchen in Chef?
• How does chef-apply differ from chef-client?
• What is the command to sign the requested certificates?
• Which open source or community tools do you use to make Puppet more powerful?
• What are the resources in Puppet?
• What is a class in Puppet?
• What is an Ansible role?
• When should I use ‘{{ }}’?
• What is the best way to make content reusable/redistributable?
• How is Ansible different from Puppet?
• Explain the architecture of Docker.
• What are the advantages of Docker over virtual machines?
• How do we share Docker containers with different nodes?
• What are the commands used to create a Docker swarm?
• How do you run multiple containers using a single service?
• What is a Dockerfile used for?
• Explain the differences between Docker images and Docker containers.
• Instead of YAML, what can you use as an alternate file for building Docker compose?
• How do you create a Docker container?
• What is the difference between a registry and a repository?
• What are the cloud platforms that support Docker?
• What is the purpose of the expose and publish commands in Docker?
• How does Nagios help in the continuous monitoring of systems, applications, and services?
• How does Nagios help in the continuous monitoring of systems, applications, and services?
• What do you mean by Nagios Remote Plugin Executor (NPRE) of Nagios?
• What are the port numbers that Nagios uses for monitoring purposes?
• What are active and passive checks in Nagios?
• What are active and passive checks in Nagios?
• Explain the main configuration file and its location in Nagios.
• What is the Nagios Network Analyzer?
• What are the benefits of HTTP and SSL certificate monitoring with Nagios?
• Explain virtualization with Nagios.
• Name the three variables that affect recursion and inheritance in Nagios.
• Why is Nagios said to be object-oriented?
• Explain what state stalking is in Nagios.

• What are the fundamental differences between DevOps & Agile?
• What is the need for DevOps?
• How is DevOps different from Agile / SDLC?
• Which are the top DevOps tools? Which tools have you worked on?
• How do all these tools work together?
• What are the advantages of DevOps?
• What is the most important thing DevOps helps us achieve?
• Explain with a use case where DevOps can be used in industry/ real-life.
• Explain your understanding and expertise on both the software development side and the technical operations side of an organization you have worked with in the past.
• What are the anti-patterns of DevOps?
• What is Version control?
• What are the benefits of using version control?
• Describe branching strategies you have used.
• What is Git?
• Which VCS tool you are comfortable with?
• Explain some basic Git commands?
• In Git how do you revert a commit that has already been pushed and made public?
• How do you squash last N commits into a single commit?
• What is Git bisect? How can you use it to determine the source of a (regression) bug?
• What is Git rebase and how can it be used to resolve conflicts in a feature branch before merge?
• How do you configure a Git repository to run code sanity checking tools right before making commits, and preventing them if the test fails?
• How do you find a list of files that has changed in a particular commit?
• How do you setup a script to run every time a repository receives new commits through push?
• How will you know in Git if a branch has already been merged into master?
• What is meant by Continuous Integration?
• Why do you need a Continuous Integration of Dev & Testing?
• What are the success factors for Continuous Integration?
• Explain how you can move or copy Jenkins from one server to another?
• Explain how can create a backup and copy files in Jenkins?
• Mention some of the useful plugins in Jenkins.
• Explain how you can setup Jenkins job?
• How will you secure Jenkins?
• What is Continuous Testing?
• What is Automation Testing?
• What are the benefits of Automation Testing?
• How to automate Testing in DevOps lifecycle?
• Why is Continuous Testing important for DevOps?
• What are the key elements of Continuous Testing tools?
• Which Testing tool are you comfortable with and what are the benefits of that tool?
• What are the Testing types supported by Selenium?
• What is Selenium IDE?
• What is the difference between Assert and Verify commands in Selenium?
• How to launch Browser using WebDriver?
• When should I use Selenium Grid?
• What are the goals of Configuration management processes?
• What is the difference between Asset management and Configuration Management?
• What is the difference between an Asset and a Configuration Item?
• What do you understand by “Infrastructure as code”? How does it fit into the DevOps methodology? What purpose does it achieve?
• Which among Puppet, Chef, SaltStack and Ansible is the best Configuration Management (CM) tool? Why?
• What is Puppet?
• Before a client can authenticate with the Puppet Master, its certs need to be signed and accepted. How will you automate this task?
• Describe the most significant gain you made from automating a process through Puppet.
• Which open source or community tools do you use to make Puppet more powerful?
• What are Puppet Manifests?
• What is Puppet Module and How it is different from Puppet Manifest?
• What is Chef?
• What is Facter in Puppet?
• What is a resource in Chef?
• What do you mean by recipe in Chef?
• How does a Cookbook differ from a Recipe in Chef?
• What happens when you don’t specify a Resource’s action in Chef?
• What is Ansible module?
• What are playbooks in Ansible?
• How do I see a list of all of the ansible_ variables?
• How can I set deployment order for applications?
• Can I refresh static components of a deployed application without having to redeploy the entire application?
• How do I turn the auto-deployment feature off?
• When should I use the external_stage option?
• Why is Continuous monitoring necessary?
• What is Nagios?
• How does Nagios works?
• What is NRPE (Nagios Remote Plugin Executor) in Nagios?
• What are Plugins in Nagios?
• What do you mean by passive check in Nagios?
• When Does Nagios Check for external commands?
• What is the difference between Active and Passive check in Nagios?
• How does Nagios help with Distributed Monitoring?
• Explain Main Configuration file of Nagios and its location?
• Explain how Flap Detection works in Nagios?
• What are the three main variables that affect recursion and inheritance in Nagios?
• What is meant by saying Nagios is Object Oriented?
• What is State Stalking in Nagios?
• What are containers?
• What are the advantages that Containerization provides over virtualization?
• How exactly are containers (Docker in our case) different from hypervisor virtualization (vSphere)? What are the benefits?
• What is Docker container?
• What is Docker image?
• What is Docker hub?
• How is Docker different from other container technologies?
• What is Docker Swarm?
• What is Dockerfile used for?
• Can I use json instead of yaml for my compose file in Docker?
• Tell us how you have used Docker in your past position?
• How to create Docker container?
• How to stop and restart the Docker container?
• How far do Docker containers scale?
• What platforms does Docker run on?
• Do I lose my data when the Docker container exits?

1. What is DevOps?
2. Why DevOps is Important?
   What is the difference between Agile and DevOps? List the core operations of DevOps for application development and infrastructure.
   Which are the most popular DevOps tools?

What are DevOp’s key performance indicators?
List the key components of DevOps.

What is the DevOps toolchain?

What is AWS DevOps?

What is the significance of NRPE in Nagios?

Explain Nagios working?

What is VCS?

What are the types of Version Control Systems?

What are the benefits of version control?

What is a branching strategy in DevOps?

What is Git?

What’s the main purpose of Continuous Integration (CI)?

What are the benefits of Continuous Integration?

What is Trunk-Based development?

How to create a backup and copy files in Jenkins?

How to move or copy Jenkins from one server to another?

How to create a new build job in Jenkins?
List the top Jenkins plugins.
Can we build multiple jobs at a time using Jenkins?

What is Continuous Testing? Explain its benefits.

What do you mean by Automation Testing?

What are the benefits of Automation Testing?

• List the best Continuous Testing tools?
• Mention the testing types supported by Selenium?
• How to launch the Browser using WebDriver?
• What’s the difference between Continuous Delivery and Continuous Deployment?
• Explain the implementation of Continuous Testing in DevOps?
• What is the significance of Continuous Testing in DevOps?
• What is the objective of Configuration Management?
• Which are the best configuration management tools?
• Why is Infrastructure as code important?
• How does configuration management differ from provisioning infrastructure?
• What is Puppet?
• What is a Puppet Manifest?
• How Puppet Module is different from Puppet Manifests?
• Explain Puppet Codedir.
• How can you configure systems with Puppet?
• What is Factor in Puppet? How does it work?
• How does Ansible work?
• How Ansible playbook is different from ad-hoc commands?
• How to get a list of Ansible predefined variables?
• What are Ansible Handlers?
• How does Chef work?
• Explain Chef Resources.
• How Chef CookBook is different from Chef Recipe?
• What happens when you don’t specify a Resource’s action in Chef
• How to refresh static components of a deployed application without redeploying the entire application?
• How to turn off the auto-deployment feature?
• Why is Continuous Monitoring important?
• Which are the best Continuous Monitoring tools?
• what is containerization in DevOps and list their benefits?
• What is a Docker Container and how do you create it?

• What are the different phases in DevOps?
• Why has DevOps gained popularity over the past few years?
• What are the benefits of using the Version Control System (VCS)?
• What is the difference between Ansible and Puppet?
• What are the different components of Selenium?
• What is the purpose of configuration management in DevOps?
• What is the purpose of AWS in DevOps?
• What is the difference between a centralized and distributed version control system (VCS)?
• Explain the differences between git pull and Git fetch?
• What is git stash?
• What is a merge conflict in Git, and how can it be resolved?
• Can you tell us the fundamental differences between DevOps & Agile?
• Why do we need DevOps?
• What are the important business and technical benefits of using DevOps?
• Can you name some of the most-used DevOps tools?
• What do you understand by Puppet in DevOps?
• What is Selenium used for?
• What do you understand by anti-patterns of DevOps?
• DevOps has something called CI. What is it and what is its purpose?
• More often than not we hear shift left in DevOps. What is it?
• What does CAMS in DevOps stand for?
• What are the several KPIs used to gauge DevOps success?
• In your opinion, what are the major benefits of implementing DevOps automation?
• What do you understand by containers?
• Microservices are a core part of DevOps. Can you name any two popular Java development frameworks for creating microservices?
• What do you understand by a Version Control System (VCS)? Define its uses.
• Git is a popular DevOps tool. Tell us how you will revert a commit that has already been pushed and made public.
• What are post mortem meetings?
• Draw a comparison between Asset Management and Configuration Management.
• Can you state and explain various key elements of continuous testing?
• Please explain the core operations of DevOps in terms of development and infrastructure
• What is DevOps?
• What is the basic premise of DevOps?
• Which methodology is DevOps related to?
• What are the priorities in DevOps?
• What are the benefits of DevOps?
• What are the different advantages of Git?
• What is the difference between Git fetch and Git pull?
• Can we handle merge conflict in Git?
• What is Forking Workflow?
• How is Forking Workflow better than Git Workflow?
• What is Git rebase?
• How is Git rebase different from Git merge?
• Can we move or copy Jenkins from one server to another?
• Can we make a new copy of an existing Jenkins job?
• What is the difference between continuous testing and automation testing?
• What is the role of a Selenium Grid?
• Can we secure Jenkins?
• What is Jenkins Pipeline?
• What is continuous integration?
• What is a Puppet Module?
• How is the Puppet Module different from Puppet Manifest?
• What is Ansible work in DevOps?
• What are the categories of Ansible in DevOps?
• Can we install Ansible on the controlling machines?
• Are Ansible agentless tool? What are its benefits?